The science behind our ingredients
The ingredients that make up our formulation have been carefully selected based on rigorous studies, efficacy and uncompromising quality.
Please note: All statements made on this website are paraphrased from evidence reported in studies below.
Cognizin
Cognizin, a well-regarded nootropic, stands as a prime example of the impact of scientific research on cognitive function and mental clarity. This unique ingredient, supported by scientific studies and human trials, plays a role in improving brain health. It accomplishes this by aiding in the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for efficient neural communication, and by enhancing cerebral energy metabolism.
Learn more below about the research supporting this ingredient.
Primary Study
Primary Study
This study on adolescents observed that supplementation with Cognizin improved attention, psychomotor speed, and reduced impulsivity compared to adolescent males who received placebo.
Additional Study 1
Additional Study 1
A study of middle-aged women who were administered a 500mg dose showed a significantly better ability to produce correct responses on a continuous performance test, likely due to improved cognitive inhibition. These findings suggest that Cognizin can improve attentional performance.
Additional Study 2
Additional Study 2
This study of healthy volunteers who were administered a 500mg dose of CDP-choline had significantly improved processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory compared to those taking the placebo.
Additional Study 3
Additional Study 3
A study of older volunteers given citicoline showed that intake of 1000mg per day for 3 months improved delayed recall on logical memory for subjects with inefficient memories.
Additional Study 4
Additional Study 4
This study showed that a group of healthy volunteers who were administered Cognizin at a dose of 500mg per day for 6 weeks had improved frontal lobe bioenergetics, which suggests citicoline supplementation may help to mitigate cognitive decline associated with ageing.
Additional Study 5
Additional Study 5
A study on 40 healthy volunteers showed that administration of 500mg of citicoline improved most variables of psychomotor performance and working memory compared to placebo.
Additional Study 6
Additional Study 6
This study of elderly volunteers administered citicoline at doses of 500mg per day for 4
Rhodiola Rosea
Rhodiola rosea has been traditionally used for its ability to quash stress-induced fatigue. The mechanisms behind rhodiola rosea's adaptogenic and nootropic effects are complex but nevertheless show strong effectiveness in human trials. Rhodiola rosea has been observed in numerous studies to show abilities surrounding alleviating fatigue caused by psychological stress.
Learn more below about the research supporting this ingredient.
Primary Study
Primary Study
This is a physical trial on physicians (20-35 years old) during night duty and tested for categories such as mental fatigue, involving complex perceptive and cognitive cerebral functions, associative thinking, short-term memory, calculation, ability of concentration, and speed of audio-visual perception. It found that there was a statistically significant improvement in all 5 tests meaning that in these cases Rhodiola Rosea helps relieve stress induced fatigue.
Additional Study 1
Additional Study 1
Over 150 cadets, between the ages of 19 and 21, were given Rhodiola rosea supplements during a specific cognitive test with a background of stress-induced fatigue. This study found there was a pronounced anti-fatigue effect in psychometric tests compared to a placebo group.
Additional Study 2
Additional Study 2
A study on men and women between the ages of 20 and 55, where Rhodiola rosea was administered daily, showed a significant difference in numerous tests aiming to see its effect on fatigue and attention. The study concluded that repeated supplementation with rhodiola rosea has an anti-fatigue effect that increases mental performance, particularly with improved concentration and decreasing the body's stress responses.
Additional Study 3
Additional Study 3
This clinical trial on 120 people suffering from burnout given a daily dosage of 400mg rhodolia rosea for 12 weeks demonstrated significant improvement for all stress related symptoms.
Additional Study 4
Additional Study 4
A study on students showed that supplementation of rhodiola rosea during a busy exam period significantly improved mental fatigue and neuro-motoric tests.
Bacopa Monnieri
Bacopa Monnieri is a plant that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of anxiety and improvement of cognitive processes, memory and recall. Its chemical constituents include Bacosides, which have been shown to regenerate synapses and repair damaged neurons, making it easier to learn and remember new information. Research suggests that supplementation of Bacopa Monnieri may help to improve concentration and working memory.
Learn more below about the research supporting this ingredient.
Primary Study
Primary Study
Efficacy of Standardized Extract of Bacopa monnieri (Bacognize®) on Cognitive Functions of Medical Students: A Six-Week, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
A randomized, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial involving 60 medical students, it was shown that consuming 150mg of bacopa monnieri twice a day daily significantly improved attention, working memory and immediate recall of logical material compared to placebo.
Additional Study 1
Additional Study 1
The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects
A double blind placebo controlled clinical trial showed that human participants consuming 300mg of bacopa monnieri daily for 12 weeks had a significantly improved speed of visual information processing, learning rate and memory consolidation compared to placebo
Additional Study 2
Additional Study 2
An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on sustained cognitive performance.
A double blind, placebo controlled study showed that twenty four healthy participants, after consuming 320mg of bacopa monnieri, had significantly improved performance on a cognitively demanding series of tests.
Additional Study 3
Additional Study 3
Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
Supplementation of 300mg of bacopa monnieri daily for 90 days of treatment significantly improved performance on the spacial working memory accuracy task and rapid visual information processing task
Additional Study 4
Additional Study 4
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract
A meta analysis of clinical trials suggests that bacopa monnieri extract may be beneficial in improving cognitive function in the attention domain - especially speed of attention
Panax Ginseng
Panax ginseng contains ginsenosides, the active compound that gives the substance its nootropic properties. It has been shown to influence various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Studies have shown the benefits of Panax ginseng on fatigue over a sustained period of consistent mental activity.
Learn more below about the research supporting this ingredient.
Primary Study
Primary Study
This physical trial on 30 healthy young adults tested supplementation with either a placebo, 200mg of Panax ginseng, or 400mg of Panax ginseng. The study found Panax ginseng can improve performance and subjective feelings of mental fatigue during sustained mental activity.
Additional Study 1
Additional Study 1
This study investigated the antifatigue effects of panax ginseng in 90 subjects (21 men and 69 women) experiencing long-lasting fatigue in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-designed trial. The results provide evidence of the antifatigue effects of panax ginseng in patients suffering from long-lasting fatigue symptoms.
Additional Study 2
Additional Study 2
This study, which tested the administration of a combination of Panax ginseng, glucose, and a placebo to 27 healthy young adults, shows that Panax ginseng has a clear effect on mental arithmetic performance. The study's results showed that Panax ginseng enhanced performances on a calculation task and reduced the increase in mental fatigue experienced by participants during the later stages of a demanding mental task.
Ginkgo Biloba
Derived from the world’s oldest living tree, Ginkgo Biloba extract has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. Evidence from clinical studies suggests that Ginkgo Biloba may assist with speed of information processing, recall and working memory.
Learn more below about the research supporting this ingredient.
Primary Study
Primary Study
Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants:
A randomized, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial involving 61 healthy participants, it was shown that consuming 120mg of ginkgo biloba daily significantly improved speed of information processing and working memory.
Additional Study 2
Additional Study 2
The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteers
In a randomised, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial, thirty one volunteers received different doses of gingko biloba extract for 2 days, and 120mg of extract caused the most cognitive enhancing effects for working memory.
Additional Study 3
Additional Study 3
Differential, dose dependent changes in cognitive performance following acute administration of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination to healthy young volunteers
In a placebo controlled, double blind clinical trial, a 320mg dose of a combination of ginkgo biloba and panax ginseng significantly improved speed of attention in twenty healthy young participants.
Additional Study 4
Additional Study 4
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings
A large scale clinical trial involving cognitively intact older adults showed that supplementation with gingko biloba for 6 weeks exhibited significantly improved tasks involving recall than those taking the placebo
B Vitamins
B vitamins are essential for productivity as they are directly involved in the body's use of energy, neurotransmitter synthesis, brain cell maintenance, and the prevention of cognitive decline.
Learn more below about the research supporting this ingredient.
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1
Adequate thiamine levels are essential for brain cells to produce and utilise energy efficiently. A well-functioning energy metabolism is vital for maintaining optimal cognitive function and mental clarity.
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin aids in the synthesis of two coenzymes that serve as antioxidants in the body, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Antioxidants assist in defending against oxidative stress, which can cause cell damage and cognitive decline in brain cells.
Riboflavin is essential for maintaining the myelin sheath, a protective layer around nerve cells. Myelin sheaths that are intact support effective neuronal communication, improving overall brain function.
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3
Niacin is a precursor to two coenzymes that help cells produce energy: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). It is essential for brain cells to have an adequate energy metabolism in order to support cognitive processes.
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5
Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for energy production from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Brain cells must have an adequate energy metabolism in order to support normal cognitive functions.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that slows signals in the brain and causes a calming effect in times of stress, as well as serotonin and dopamine synthesis, is dependent upon the vitamin Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6). These neurotransmitters are essential for mood regulation, cognitive processes, and overall brain function.
Vitamin B7
Vitamin B7
Biotin plays a role in gluconeogenesis, a process where the body synthesises glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, like proteins and fats. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is important for brain function, as the brain relies on glucose as its primary energy source.
Vitamin B9
Vitamin B9
Folate is essential for the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA, which are crucial for cell growth and function, including brain cells. Importantly, Folate is involved in methylation reactions in the body, which influence gene expression and various biochemical pathways.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12
Being deficient in Cobalamin has been shown to cause cognitive deficit and can result in neurological damage meaning that keeping to your daily allowance on B12 is imperative to making sure that your brain is working at full capacity.